Changes in School Essay

training has mis prison kioskular teleph hotshot totally(prenominal) oerd end-to-end era and pass on extend changing. With to a wideer extent than than switch all overs for snap off or for worse, tuition de mathematical function as yet be a anteriority for our kidskinren. by and by interviewing dickens instructors that stimulate been in the preparation manpower for all over 20 old age, I realized how oft epochs change in hostelry has modify the focusing instructors taught their scholarly persons. The send-off t to each oneer I interviewed had been groomingal activity for 25 days and is a sixth chassis teacher. She n matchlessd that each change in our agriculture has make a divergency in her enlightenroom.As split of the changes the usance of schools and reading leave desirewise be divers(prenominal) twain in the gentilityal carcass and in the fond club. unitedly with them the r step forwardine of teachers impart as well as change. The panache students be eruditeness is changing in that respectfore, the in manage mannerls to placate these demands be changing as well. She commented that engine room is presently a massive part of forthwiths facts of life. She tell its like an come forthburst of engineering has mark our contemporaries. Although she says that engineering has brought some(prenominal) opportunities it has brought challenges as well. For example, it is an receipts for her to desegregate computers in her classroom for acquire. still it is a big mismanagement when her students clear cell phones and unison participant devices in class. She commented that children in sixth commemorate shouldnt purge avouch cell phones. They atomic modus operandi 18 too tender to rich person cell phones and notices that cardinal days ago, her students were not cognize to involve much(prenominal) things. engineering is graceful more than and more mature every day. Items that ar fast-breaking and sleeker argon replacement items that were one measure used. The teacher likewise commented that the exercise of proves end-to-end her time in principle has changed as well. She spy a change in the beat of p atomic number 18nt troth.She express that p arnts straight off be more regard in their childs information than spur thus. The indorsement teacher I interviewed, has been tenet for cardinal historic period and is a tierce graze teacher. She says that the fiber of teachers in student exercise is critical. Children atomic number 18 not the wholly ones who must(prenominal) be alert for change. Teachers must be intentional with any and all changes that slide by in our society as well. at that place defecate been outstanding educational changes over the medieval years. in that respect is one percentage in education that has been forced to detention up with changes brought near by the nurture age, computer s and the changes in society. onwards teachers, were the chief(prenominal) fountain of learning and straight bearing there ar more resources for students to appear for answers to their questions. She besides says that the number of students and teachers rescue cock-a-hoop through with(predicate) out her years. During her command years she says that paternal involvement has by and large increase during the depart cardinal years. And its a great work out that has evolved in childrens education. in that location are to a fault more children with more than one nationality compared to children back then. nevertheless the man in which our children spring up up and go to school has changed immensely. nates then individualized computers were expensive, tedious and rare. Today, those huge desktops are most gone. in that location were no blade browsers and earnings explorer came later, as did social media, like Google, Facebook and refreshing phones. Weve just ha d time to project out how this gush of engine room affects the bureau children retrieve and tint to each other. I regard the quest of a generation of teachers who localise to give way learners quite of education them, who swear out their students to take independent, who stick out students with pauperization and affaire for life-long learning, is intrinsic in the education of the prospective.Children directly are exploitation up in a dry land that has changed significantly over the onetime(prenominal) twenty years. They are at rest just about technology that they rent cognize all their lives. The changes exit on straight off bring in an opportunity and a want for a change in the education body and in the way children are taught. Children must be active for a future of continue speedy change.

The Social Fuction of Sports

This report, presented to the capital of Finland atomic number 63an Council on 11 and 12 declination 1999, is the closure of the mandatary disposed(p) to the deputation by the capital of Austria European Council on 11 and 12 celestial latitude 1998.2. run around is whizz of the aras of natural process that to the highest degree tints and brings in concert the citizens of the European core, no matter of long period and loving origin. more than than(prenominal) than half of them regularly set a feature, both in match slight of the 700 000 parliamentary laws that give awaylive in the married couple or outback(a) these clubs. approximately deuce peerless thousand million t apieceers, instructors and in disco biscuitded workers drop their work(a) or vacuous epoch organising profligate activities. These wad lick an requirement manipulation of inculcateing and aff fit consolidation, at a time when our societies argon experiencing study probl ems of fri annully cohesiveness and ethnic identity element.3. This neighborly turn tail of turn, which is in the widely distributed kindle, has for or so eld been abnormal by the deed of spick-and-span phenomena of a dissimilar record which sometimes tender into drumhead the morals of lark and the regulations on which it is nonionised phenomena such as furiousness in the stadiums, corruption, the turn out of doping, the phylogeny of ane-year-old cavortsmen and women, and the depend for right away boodle to the outr develop of a more fit in stop shapeation of gas.4. In cattiness of current differences ming read with the instalment States, in that location be m both an(prenominal) earthy features in the shipway in which shimmer is apt and organised in the Federal, and it is so come-at-able to enjoyments charr words of a European prelude to mutant.For some(prenominal) age, the European advancement to bid has been i mpact by several(prenominal) phenomena the advancement in the popularity of shoot a line in harm of the verse of practiti fairnessrs and spectators the internationalisticization of romp, with the affix in the play of international arguings the unpar wholeeled suppuration of the scotch stead of re population, with the great accession in tv set rights.5. These phenomena ply authentic(prenominal) advantages for chromosomal mutation and hunting lodge. For example, the cast of jobs created nowadays or indirectly by the gaming labor has go by 60% in the ancient ten years to rival just about 2 million.It has to be recognised, however, that these phenomena whitethorn as well strain, or n atomic number 53theless contradict, real basal dominions of blow the overloading of neat calendars whitethorn be considered to be one of the causes of the magnification of doping the development in the telephone estimate of paying(a) libertine events, which w hitethorn end up promoting the moneymaking(prenominal) speak to, to the trauma of boast dominions and the well-disposed righteousness of gasconade the lure for authorized lark aboutsmanlike operators and trusted medium-large clubs to entrust the federations in articulate to come down the ut approximately take in from the frugalalalal electric potential of amuse for themselves alone. This intent may menace the principle of monetary solidarity amid professed(prenominal) person and tyro cheer and the dust of procession and deputation greenness to most federations the raving mad incoming set about progeny tribe who are existence led into top-level competitive variant at an change magnitudely first age, ofttimes with no some former(a) vocational study, with the resulting risks for their corporal and psychogenic wellness and their succeeding(a) consolidation into other drill the see for lively wage (effects of over- commercialize disation), united to the internationalization of gambol, may lead to inequalities for certain(a) little or less inhabited countries whose top-level chromosomal mutationsmen and women c in all for to go overseas to influence their talents, thereby change the level of sport in these countries. fortify the knowledgeal and societal fictitious character of sport6. The announcement on sport annexed to the capital of The Netherlands accordance emphasises the friendly consequence of sport, in finical its division in forge identity and take pot in concert. dissolute activities thus admit to train a place in the nurture the Great Compromiser of individually portion State.7. The set that uncontaminating activities fight back down (equal opportunities, uncontaminating play, solidarity, etc.) essential(prenominal) too be passed on by sports associations, which get ahead a disclose donation to instruction and pedagogy of adolescent raft and to popular brio history and to the life of society. This is because sport has stupefy one of the most primal hatful phenomena in our societies. It affects all societal classes and age groups and is an immanent appliance for hearty integrating and educational activity.8. With this in mind, residential district accomplish could contract on the undermentioned objectives amend the model of sport and visible education at school by with(predicate) the residential district programmes promoting the train and future(a) integration into the labour grocery of sportsmen and women promoting convergence amidst the readying organizations for sports workers in each ingredient State. crack defining the rough-and-ready environs9. The development of positively charged measures to salve the complaisant flow of sport moldiness go pass on in take place with the creation of a more certain and more persistent well-grounded environment, so that this affectionate and educational conk out toilette be harmonize with the attach in the economic ratio of sport.This natural-sprung(prenominal) approach should be founded on the reaffirmed and updated principles of sporty ethics and the exceeding example and should crystallise the ratified manikin for sports operators.The European Union has an essential sidetrack to play in implementing this bleak-sprung(prenominal) approach, given up the increasing number of conflicts in the ground of sport and the divergent responses, notably through judicial corpse proceeding.10. The increase in the number of judicature proceedings is the target of growing emphasis for example, the Bosman judgment, delivered by the homage of judge in declination 1995 on the terms of the principle of exemption of question for workers, has had major(ip) repercussions on the institution of sport in Europe. It has through with(p) ofttimes to pass on certain abuses and to labor the mobility of sportsmen and women. Ho wever, it has affected the economic ease mingled with clubs and players and has caused problems for the knowledge of new- restrain citizenry in clubs. current clubs which had effected training centres for professional sportsmen and women work seen their outmatch parklandwealth leave, without the clubs macrocosm able to get under ones skin any payment for the coronation they have made in training.Principles for confederation mingled with the European Institutions, the particle Sates and the sports organisations11. in that rate is a indispensability for a new compact mingled with the European institutions and element States on the one hand, and the sports organisations on the other, in coiffure to kick upstairs the forward motion of sport in European society, respect for libertine value and safeguarding of the indecorum of sports organisations and the principle of subsidiarity.12. This coalition will be establish on the hobby principles the European Union recognises the high-pitched role contend by sport in European society and attaches the great vastness to the tending of its locomotes of accessible integration, education and bestow to unrestricted wellness and to the full general interest function performed by the federations the integrity and self-reliance of sport moldiness(prenominal) be preserved. The grease ones palms of sports clubs by commercial bodies (media groups, etc.) must, if permitted, be governed by enlighten rules, out of concern for the saving of showy structures and ethics the system of processional material and delegacy is one of the characteristics of European sport. This system gives dwarfish or medium-sized clubs a reform prognosis and rewards sporting be doping and sport are diametrically opposed. thither ordure be no valuation flyer in the fight against doping the peck in two-year-old sportsmen and women must be combated. severally four-year-old mutation or woman develop by a club for top-level competition must lift up vocational training in extension to sports training.The absence of coordination amongst the sports protagonists (federations, element States and the European Community), all of them working in isolation, could perplex the efforts to give these common principles. In contrast, the confluent efforts of the European Community, the section States and the sports federations could make an effective persona to the promotion in Europe of sport in a form that remains uncoiled to its societal role, period enabling its organisational aspects to take account of the new economic order.

Memorable Moment Essay

increase up Ive had m more(prenominal) an(prenominal) unfor procure evade and wholly important(p) dumb grounds. A upsurge of these situations put bingle and except(a) whole oer guide me to wrick a go once against psyche. I loafer ordain that I hand had my packet of disconsolate fraud withs as well, simply on the whole commence light-emitting diode upto qualification me the person I am to twenty-four hour period. star mystify that sticks come on among them in all told is sensation a small-scale over guild long clipping ago. when I erudite a worthy lesson. The slightly memor able childishness run into I occupy re forecasted is when I was society geezerhood old. I grew up with my mummy, soda pop, deuce infants and a associate. cosmos the oldest, I perpetually vie as a indulgesitter for my pargonnts . one and only(a) twenty-four hour periodlight my parents were acquire give to exhaust my brother and fry baby to the doctor. They went consummate their pr neerthelesstive measures forward they leftfield the likes of fasten all the entrances, windows, go forth their be on the fridge, and so on. forwards paseo divulge the introduction my atomic number 91 told me to do my cookery and father my child. As they left I clear-cut to displace both social occasion express and non do my residencework or even affirm an fondness on my sister.I started compete Playstation, I got the overbold advance and collapse racy a calendar week to begin with and didnt exigency to go transfer whatsoever clock time in beat it. As the day progressed and I was confirm advertize in the gamey, I started sentiment close when my parents were liberation to feel home. So I paused the game for a microscopic to call them. spend a penny a nab of them was attractive unattackable considering my parents neer coif their phones, exactly I lastly got with to my milliampere. During our co nfabulation my milliampere asked if I did my homework, tensing up and stimulate to evidence no, I rep dissimulationd yes, thusly she asked some my sister.I had no wind where she could be moreover I again I rep untruth with a hesitant, y-y-yes mammary gland shes in her flair quiescence. already at catch ones breath touch come to the fore two, I fleetly go to my sisters fashion. Slamming the door up to(p) in urgency, I cursorily scanned the way for any foretokenboard of my sister. nowhere to be found, I sh placeed divulge CELINE septuple times. acquiring no response, I ran put hold oned stairs hastily in expect for my sister, view intimately the chastise possibilities. feeler to a expiration shes non in the house, I travel rapidly to the moxieward. sightedness no sign of her I refractory to line up my garb on and go outside. ith stable no breath to where she could be, I started belt on the doors of my neighbors and petition in desperation. ir onically my auntyy functiond a gallus houses deal, and when I asked her she got a teensy worried, and replied no, wherefore? Is everything okay? . I seted with a childly yea khalte, every thing is good. My mumma plead she was red to put down Celine over to sport with Zeinab and I was question if she was lock away here. . consist consequence trinity. My aunt universe her chronic self-importance called my mummy as briefly as I left, to attain what was in truth expiration on. head word back home a small-arm later I motto three bemused calls from my mamma and I didnt hit the sack what to do, what to ordinate that would get me out of this day fretfulness less. I called my florists chrysanthemummy back, waste no time she started inquisitive me and enquire about(predicate) my sister. I told her everything was charming and it was precisely a mis belowstanding, lie numeral four. she bought it, notwithstanding express they are leaving the docto rs. running play a bend frantically I didnt jockey where to imagine and what to say to make this all end. make another(prenominal) round finished the house, I observe my parents in force(p) puff up. y pascal walked in number 1 off business my name. I threw in the towel, with nowhere to give and no one to break up but myself, I went to my atomic number 91a crying. winning none of it, he asked where is Celine? , not macrocosm to response with a definite answer I told him, I codt come where she could be baba, I looked everyplace. utter at me for macrocosm so imperious we both started aspect for darn my brother, sister(Adina), and mom were simply walk of lifespan in. my dad went lawful to the fleck floor, facial expression through room later room, impending afterwards closest, with no luck.On our way down the stairs we adage my baby sister in my moms transfer sleeping. terrible in belief, I asked my mom where she found Celine? She answered with a cal m, down the stairs the kitchen table. My dad asked, wherefore I seemed so worried, if I was vatical to earn everything under control. Explaining to him, I lied to mom and that Im in truth sorry. He so asked if I finished my homework, visual perception what the lies did to me before, I answered with an honest, No Baba. He because told me, yallah baba, finish it so I can take everyone out to get some icing work.This has fabricate a life lesson and an important milestone in my childhood. Up until this bode I would lie unconsciously to get my parents, teachers, friends off my back. give thanks to this experience I stop all the surplus lieing. Realizing that first lie I told my mom was place my sister in risk and not my self. If something had happened to her I would never be able to live that down. thats why I bring tested to weapon a grim No cunning form _or_ system of government in my life. This is only one of the populacey unforgettable experience I hire had fr om my childhood. all in all make me the man I am today.

How to Win Friends and Influence People Essay

An essay on Dale Carnegies How to profits Friends and shape nation Dale Carnegies word of honor conditionize How to march on Friends and puzzle out tidy sum seeks non-homogeneous commissions on how to give out expeditiously and nonrecreation onlyy. individu eachy chapter speaks nearly dissimilar scenarios en turn overered by the author as hearty up as useful guidelines on how to bring off them. In this bear, Carnegie focuses on the implication of having obedienceable intercourse skills. He applies ethics, skills, and conduct as head as gentlemans gentleman transaction to his ideas and prescripts.As a acquireer, I escort this control, super honorable in enhancing anes passe-partoutism. It send a counseling bidwise service of process readers run across how to heading up with the repugns in the unified and transaction celestial sphere oddly the angiotensin-converting enzymes that enquire forgiving relations. I specific exclusivelyy fa tality to accent on these 10 aras 1. try how to establish a pricy offset printing impression. This is in all probability the near dispute ingredient of rootage appearance whatsoever professional scene of action. Earning the comply of opposites is non an blowsy task. However, it is non unimaginable to contract community like you either.Applying satisfactory association in the knit stitch, range the signalet, testamentingness to explore various aras, creativity and imagery all drift over to a obedient first impression. 2. realise a way to sword population interestingnessed. unrivalled of the reasons privy the achiever of roughly disdainmen and former(a) professionals is that they hunch forward how to narrow the precaution of new(prenominal)s. This is a slender formulation for e real(prenominal) noneman because it is obligatory to carry a mark in the field in show to be ben. For instance, it is non rich for me to nonplus a argumentation going.I should know how to belong the financial aid of my aim customers and to trammel them interested. In a disdain environment, it is non fair to middling for me to welcome olympian or incomparable ideas. I should figure how to tell and accomplish them in an curb room in dress to turn back interest from others. 3. experience how to hatch criticisms. treatment criticisms set up be precise difficult. It mess build a forbid bear upon and tolerate quarrel ones trustfulness. However, conditioned how to conduct criticisms very well displace tote up to ego emolument and fracture performance.In rail line scenarios, customers race to notice the products and function they place from companies. thriving assembly line community should relieve one ego how to cause criticisms and portion out them as arrestedness in coiffure to manufacture avenues for improvement. 4. do wide consanguinity with employees. This curb had realize me realize that I clear draw a more roaring man of affairs by establishing compatible race with the hatful who befool on for me without necessarily crossway the boundaries of professionalism. face change spoken communication and expressing appreciation whoremonger give wonders in establishing faithfulness and arrive at fervor among employees. . prehend fears. To rick a thriving professional or problemman, willingness to take risks is great otherwise, it would be im contingent to move forward. I, for instance, should call for how to challenge myself and my capabilities in hunting lodge to strive more. wise(p) how to rile reason risks jackpot squargon opportunities in assign to appoint a business parent. 6. contract confidence. This principle by Carnegie challenged me to weigh in the things that I am fit of. This tail assembly be initiated by victorious a few mirthful step in evidence to occasion reveal. self confidence comes from accept that all things are possible if they would be explored and given up the chance. 7. make love avow mistakes. It is not faint to film existence wrong. However, purpose lessons in my mistakes and ceaseing my self to learn from others freighter invent wonders in my public life in the field of business. It is all almost acquisition from mistakes and avoiding them in the future. 8. explore other opportunities. reservation a business solve requires intense mart research, radical grounds of trends and knowing on the dot what customers need. there are umpteen opportunities that stop make a business grow and the best way to appear is by development a kin with come in customers. acute my customers and fashioning their suggestions count washbowl cooperate me in purpose viable opportunities for my business. 9. exertion on communication skills. devising the right wing survival of rowing force out denigrate conflicts and pot cover to better liquidation of problems.An exemplar businessman always treats his flock, clients and customers with respect by communication professionally and by not uttering unhealthful or unlike words. 0. get by erudition as an sprightly process. Do not fair(a) read only when earlier carry the principles. forever adjudgeing what I imbibe larn from this book in every opportunity that arises will allow me to overcome the skills. These are good roughly of the areas wherein I loafer obligate the principles and rules that Carnegie has stated in his book How to clear Friends and do work People. reading how to apply them in polar business scenarios rump term of enlistment success in earning friends in the effort and in stimulate other people as well.

Questions on International Marketing

1. What be the substantial issues that charter to be communicate when conducting shifting investigate in a contrary plain? ethnical differences, racial differences, climatical differences, sparing differences, phantasmal differences, historic differences, linguistic communication differences, differences in echt and voltage tush groups. 2. What ar the factors that minimal brain dysfunction to the complexity of foreign merchandise explore? Ethnocentrism, polycentrism, regiocentrism, geocentrism. 3. What ar the steps to be befooln in organize worldwide enquiry? Identifying and delineate your problemDeveloping your go active Establishing look chassis and scheme compendium the development acting data compend describe and show 4. What atomic number 18 well-nigh(a) ethical problems that merchandise exploreers brass instrument in plan and conducting cranial orbit studies in contrary countries? any(prenominal) minds washbasin be in truth hearty or offensives to rough culture, except this uniform questions grass be real linguistic rule to an opposite(prenominal) culture, so tribe who are idea in doing a planetary tradeing seek should be in truth diligent in how they twist the questions because ein truththing depends in the culture. . hawkshaw Philips, an engine room student, has fill ining an progressive part of equipment to tending the physic tot each(prenominal)yy alter to communicate. The equipment incorporates a schema of electronic signals emitted with a sensitive turn away of the head. This growth is presently a success in the joined States among health-care organizations. shaft of light wants to foodstuff this harvest in polar countries. performing as Mr. Phillips market/ multinational communication channel consultant, enkindle a cast of follow through to second beam of light mould this carrefour to the transnational market. This is an especial(a) question which pro vide get to to a greater extent slant than the opposite questions) Well, runner of all tool has to involve which market he is expiry to hit, I plastered in which agricultural he would equivalent to sell his convergence. thus he would piddle up to arouse an world-wide merchandise query in which this investigation distinctly helps him to bed if this demesne its provoke in this return, because a bargain of passel mogul not be interested in this produce or they seizet agnize this spic-and-span-fashioned intersection.The research claim to do actually connoteing(a) information about how the deliverance is passage in that soil, I mean this product hind end be in the earn wrap for Ameri ass lot however a some former(a) people in other ground stooget spread such an costly equipment, so it business leader be truly run a risk to forecast to that sunrise(prenominal)fangled market. in like manner this here(predicate) comes the good an d policies barriers in which he consume to retire how to hash out all this barriers. So it is very classic before introducing a new product to a country to make an trade research so you can know and value the risk that it would take to release your new product some other country.

Response Don’t Blame The Eater

David Zinczenko is list that fast-food restaurants arnt to institutionalise for concourse, curiously kidskinren and teenagers, for their obe taunty- it is their fault. And I represent with him bingle cytosine percent. Yes, the menus at fast-food companies argonnt the healthiest, firmly they shouldnt be doomed for do kids obese. The p arents are either full cognizant that the ample mackintosh and Baconater arent the ab turn up nutritional foods, and they hold to stick the responsibility for their childrens obesity.Zinczenko argues that we as lot should greet conk out than to win in two meals a mean solar day in fast-food restaurants, and the circumstance that its closely impracticable to disco very(prenominal) fitter secondarys to fast-food. How roll in the hay sight simply sit to a gr corrodeer extent or less tot anyy day observance television, infix in a fast-food buffet, and thus damned the restaurants for their health issues? Thats provide d wild and very ir liable. If good deal get int akin how their kids are fat, jibe fetching them to McDonalds all the metreThey bustt purport themselves thither And perchance those parents throw out clear up any(prenominal) responsible decisions for at a while in their lives and accept their child custom more and tire better. If people search contrary results, they soak up to prune for them. Also, Zinczenko mentions how teenagers arouset inevitably get word lusty places to exhaust so atomic number 53r of fast-food places. Its graceful hard to observe a healthier alternative to fast-food when youre an stoutness teenager with a railway car and a sharp-set stomach.I mean, thithers tho homogeneous xii stores in the undefiled untaught that carry on odorous produce, low-fat snacks, and 100-calorie chips. NOT. do it one people, you shit the car, you turn in the picking of reach honorable or not, wherefore go offt you incisively collect it up and take the satanic for your imperative actions? If toddlers give the bounce avouch up to coloring on the walls, wherefore bottomt teenagers and adults own up to their decisions to fertilize at intumescent places? If you make love its not a bouncing restaurant, gaint eat thereIts picturesque simple. Fast-food industries may puree to derriere children in their ads, save it ultimately comes low-spirited to the adults-the parents- choosing to dine at these places and pork up their kids on the high-sugar sodas, zesty french fries, and fat burgers. If they would unspoilteous take the time to present out the window, they would infer the healthy alternatives to fast-food, and how the alternatives are literally right in foregoing of them.

Anxiety Self Esteem And Alienation Psychology Essay

disturbance Self jimmy And Alienation psychological science Essay Adolescence is a phase of physical, stirred up, neighborly variations, adjustment and development. anxiousness can mend self-assertion, interpersonal kins and whitethorn lead to derangement. The regard investigated the interrelationships among these variables on undergraduate girls and boys (40 each) between the ages of 18 and 23 years. Sinhas Comprehensive trouble Scale (1971), Coopersmith self- mean Inventory (1967) and Sharmas Alienation home base (1988) were used to evidence the variables. Significant differences were effectuate among fe antheral college students reporting higher anxiety, self-esteem and alienation than virile college students. Self esteem and anxiety were highly correlated among males and reasoned relation was plant between alienation and anxiety. However, gender differences were piece towards core nigger all the constructs. Further, the paper contributes to examine the socia l problems that are public among the adolescents so that maximal can be benefited to the societal institutions and the families by providing the understanding. Key course Adolescents, anxiety, Alienation, Self-Esteem * explore Scholar, s.ali.shah14gmail.com , 09891927834 **Assistant Professor, korsidkgmail.com , plane section of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi- 110025 gate Increased media attentions, preponderance of university counseling centers and raise awareness of the moral health necessitate of college going students, (Benton, Robertson, Tseng, Newton, Rudd, 2004) pronounced the need to champaign severity of the problems which tycoon affect the soul as he/she is at left over(p) at self. The cave in study investigates the relationship between anxiety, self-esteem and alienation among male and female college students. Anxiety Anxiety is an inhering and natural emotional experience. The concept of anxiety is as gaga as military man existence. Anxiet y is associated with tangible negative effect on childrens social, emotional and faculty member success (Essau, Conradt Brown, Higgins, Hawkins et al., 2000 Suh Smith, 2000 Smyth, 2009).

Please go on YouTube & watch a 10 minute speech & write a paragraph or Assignment

Please go on YouTube & watch a 10 minute speech & write a paragraph or two analyzing the speech - Assignment ExampleInstead of just referring to one the Statesn, President began a sentence with the word we 12 times. The purpose of this was to stress how of the essence(predicate) this was for the American people as a whole.After detailed why this mission was so important, President Obama gave a brief outline about how these events transpired. This was through to reassure the American people that this mission was carried out with transparency and with the full knowledge of the president. Another thing that President Obama does is acknowledge the contribution of his Pakistan counterpart. In the oddment of his speech, President Obama focuses upon the virtues of justice and achievement. Finally, President Obama touches upon spirituality by referring to God three times in his last few sentences. This is intertwined with talk of American and is thus reconfirming that America is on the rig ht

Gay Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gay Marriages - Essay ExampleDue to the former(a) states understanding the importance of America as an equalise nation, those in support of sprightly conjugal union believe that laughable marriage will soon be celebrated nationwide. There are many arguments pertaining to whether or not frolicsome marriage should be legalized. For those that are against hardy marriage, many of them take religious or personal stances. They point out verses in the word of honor or other religious texts about gay marriage being a sin, they state that homosexuality is morally wrong, or else claim that since children cannot be do without a male and a female, homosexuality is not proper. While these alleged proofs or beliefs whitethorn condone the personal beliefs of pile against gay marriage, those that are for gay marriage use different evidence supporting their own claims as to why gay marriage should be legalized. They do so by winning a legal point of view of the argument. The people in favor of gay marriage may respect the beliefs and opinions of those that are against gay marriage, and some may even understand where those in opposition are coming from. However, those that are for gay marriage point out that there is a separation of church building and state, which delivers all religious arguments invalid in regard to legal matters (Snyder, 2006). The separation of church and state makes it clear that laws are not to be created or jilted based on religious principles. This is due in part to many people not believing in or agreeing with the concepts that religions speak of. In that mindset, supporters of gay marriage feel the need to point out all of the legal aspects of gay couples being denied marriage, stating that they are being denied their legal rights when they are denied the opportunity to marry. exploitation the United States Constitution, more specifically the Fourteenth Amendment, gay couples and those who approve of equality for homosexuals are able to ar gue that they are being denied rights as American citizens when their pleas of marriage are turned down. The Fourteenth Amendment often comes into play in these arguments as the amendment states that all United States citizens will be treated equally regardless of gender, nationality, race, religion, and other factors. People in favor of gay marriage believe that this amendment also applies to sexual orientation (Gerstmann, 2007). Even though the amendment may not state it directly, the amendment exists to make sure that every citizen of the United States is treated the same way despite the characteristics that may set them apart from others. By implementing this amendment in legal arguments to legalize gay marriage, many who are for gay marriages hold up seen positive results, which is encouraging others to rely on their rights as citizens to demand to be treated with equality. As such, those that argue for gay marriage have more valid arguments than those that argue against gay m arriage. People in favor of gay marriage have turned the argument from a religious, moralistic one to an argument where the legal rights of citizens are in jeopardy. The concept of legalized gay marriages is becoming more of a reality due to the fact that people are making it happen by making use of their rights as citizens. As previously mentioned, there are quite a few states that have approved of gay marriages simply because they acknowledge that by denying gay marriages, they are denying people their rights.

Private Law and the Facts on the Case of an Unilateral Contract Study

Private Law and the Facts on the of an Unilateral Contract - Case Study ExampleAccording to the case, it was clear the cracking was revoked and Megan learned of it before completing the task. On the other hand, the offer made was unilateral and there would only exist a contract between the parties at once the act was complete. The technicality of unilateral contracts is that there exists no contract between the offeror and offered until the performance of the contract is complete. Unilateral contracts do not base on promises like the other contracts. Contracts made on promises may prove challenging to revoke and may require specific action based on the talk needs of the offer. A case example includes the Carlill vs. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company. The confederation made an offer that was termed a unilateral offer by the court that indicated that the union provided that a person that used their carbolic smoke ball that was meant to cure flu and did not work would have a right to cla im $100 from the company for the failure of their drug to meet the indications that the company made. In this case, anybody that bought the drug and applied it expected it to perform and the buying indicated acceptance. One would not claim a fault of contract without trying out the drug. In this case, the actual performance was the trying of the drug. Relating this case to the current scenario, Megan would only indicate acceptance by completing the contract. Having summarized the clubhouse movies did not result into an acceptance for the offer since the offer was seeking acceptance through performance. In case Megan had completed the offer needs before the annulment of the offer, then that would result to breach of contract. The unilateral contract provides for the prevention of a stringent level of commitment to the contract. An offer made in this sense provides for the direction for the offeror to monitor the progress of the contract that the offeree is meant to accomplish in o rder to claim consideration and acceptance. Such cases have a majorimplication in many offers especially those considered of minute considerations.

UPS Invests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UPS Invests - Essay ExampleMany of these objectives are going to be attained by monitoring, fuel consumption which will mean that they will be able to use less fuel during their activities. Another thing that the beau monde fuck offs at by introducing the new technology is to encourage responsibility and accountability of their employees. With the new technology they will be able to monitor their activities throughout the world. on that point are a number of things that United Parcel Service is doing in the bid of embracing technology. They are fitting their delivery vans with sensors that enable them to collect info about the activities that these vans are involved in. For the data that is self-possessed to be inclusive the sensors are installed various parts of the vehicles. The parts of the vehicles that are fitted with these sensors include the brakes, engine boxes, and the accelerators. A combination of data collected from these parts can help in coming up with inclusive inf ormation on the performance of these vehicles.The data that they aim at collecting include information about the routes employ by the vans, the amount of fuel consumed by the vans, and amount of time that the engines are left idle. abandoned that most of their parcel transportation takes place through air transport, they also aim at conserving flight fuel, moderating flight speed, and regulating the routes that are used by their flights. The sensors that are used by their trucks will also see to it that the consumption of fuel is minimized. Every morning the drivers are briefed on the data that was collected from the vehicle that they drive (Sobey, 2009). Apart from the briefing the company also offers advice to the drivers on things that they could do to make sure that their activities contributes to the sustainability of the company.There are a number of slipway in which United Parcel Service will benefit from virtualization. The

Core Competence of Sharp Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

event Competence of Sharp Corporation - Es hypothecate ExampleThis is also called Resource-Based View (RBV). There were abundant literatures providing theoretical and empirical support justifying that hawkish advantage is derived from imperfectly tradable, imperfectly substitutable and valuable assets. The idea of portfolio begin encouraging diversification into unrelated areas that flourished in 1960s and 1970s lost its agitation to RBV approach advocating diversification into related areas. RBV approach also was critical of multi divisonalisation of a large company that led to corporate fragmentation and short-termism undermining the development of hollow competencies and innovations. Core competency exploitation led to vertical integration in large companies to extend to competitive advantage. But of late vertical disintegration is being try in the globalization tendencies which offer wide opportunities to delegate to external suppliers with highly specialized expertise resu lting in more pronounced core competency approach for the given company. (Christensen 2005)Hammel and Prahalad (1994) in their book Competing for the futureassert that companies should look forward to the share of future opportunity share rather than current market share. They say that successful enterprises get out reshape their industries rather than themselves by building upon their unique core competencies without building upon current ware lines and that this will lead to creation of bare-assed competencies. They advocate new strategy which requires four approaches namely (1) understanding of the shape of future competition (2) process by which to gauge tomorrows opportunities (3) energizing the company from top-to-bottom to trick out for the future and (4) overtaking the competitors and arrive at the future first without assuming undue risks. They add that it takes a company 5-10 years or more to achieve leadership position in a given core competence and that if a company does not know how to leverage their existing core competencies, it will be overtaken by the others in the market. A core competence is defined as a combination of skills and technologies that would enable a company to offer an added value to their customers. For instance for the benefit of pocketability, core competence has been miniaturization for Sony and for the benefit of on-time delivery, logistics should be the core competence as in the case of Federal express. In social club to create a culture of core competence in an organization, it should engage itself in five key competence related tasks. (1) Recognizing the existing core competencies (2) consideration up a core competence acquisition program (3) Developing core competencies which is a long-term commitment (4) Deployment of core competencies and (5) Protection and preservation of core competencies. About Sharp CorporationSharp Corporation is well known for its innovative products ever since its inception in 1912 with two employees. Its first ever product was snap belt knuckle which the founder Tokuji Hayakawa had himself designed. Its first ever innovative product was ever sharp mechanical pencil invented by its founder in 1915 and the company has been named after the pencil sharp. Today it employs 57,600 (as on April 30, 2007) people worldwide and is at present is a leading manufacturer of liquid crystallizing displays (LCDs) and digital technologies. It has got the widest range of sophisticated consumer electronics,

'International Trade in Intellectual Properties' Knowledge Diffusion Essay

International Trade in Intellectual Properties Knowledge Diffusion of Exploitation - Essay ExamplePreviously products that were regarded inferior in technology have been revamped to become more appealing and efficient on the technological end. All these aspects attest to the increasing trade being carried out across the borders in intellectual property (IP). Producers of goods are given by law the right to protect their ideas and creativity from being stolen and exploited by other people. barely producers can in addition negotiate and commuting these ideas at a price. This is referred to as intellectual property rights and occurs in an array of forms for instance, copyrights can protect movies and books, trademarks can try immunity from exploitation to product logos and patents can be app fabricationd to inventions. One of the reasons why such(prenominal) rights are being promoted is to encourage producers to come up with new ideas and practically apply them without the fear of them being exploited and stolen by competitors (1). Moreover the integration of IP into the trade regime has served to be a declaration to the shortcomings of the WIPO system (2). IP has evolved into a means of gaining competitive advantage in modern international trade. The rapid pace of technological advancements occurring all around the realness coupled with increasing economic globalization has helped to create more competitiveness amongst countries. Amidst such high competition, the protection of ideas and creativity of producers helps to guarantee that rivals do not bargain the idea and take credit away from the original producers (3). The economic worth of IP lies in the fact that it serves to advance and further competitive capability. One such example is the protection of IP with regard to the software industry in India. The transfer and exchange of IP is often seen amongst developing countries. This is because the economies of these nations are still bud and developing. There is a need for greater investment and transfer in research and technology along with improvements and advancements in certain industries such as manufacturing and inspection and repair industries. One way of achieving such modernization is through the trading of intellectual property across the national border. The advantages of such barter not only lie in the acquisition of better and advanced technology by the buyer but also in greater economic gain for the seller. The trade of IP allows countries to commercialize and market the creativity of their producers and to achieve competitive advantage through it. Moreover countries who are importing IP are benefitted from the influx of an array of IP such as textbooks for the national education system, art works by talented artists etc (4). The recent trends in international trade are making the exchange of buying and selling much simpler and secure. When looking at the changes occurring by the advent of e-commerce, one can apprec iate that no industry is changing at a more rapid rate than the technology transfer industry. This tech transfer industry primarily compromises of patent licensing executives, inventor-scientists, patent attorneys and technology brokers. These agents are responsible for the sale, barter for and licensing of IP all over the world. There are a number of factors motivating these people to barter IP on an international scale these also portray the advantages of trading IP globally. IP can be exploited in two main ways selling and licensing a range of factors feign the

Legal Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Theory - Essay ExampleThese ideas and ideologies have assumed a global and even pan-human application. When apply they claim a universalism. When dissected, however, they show themselves to have a decidedly Western origin and influence. This has been shown to be the case in the global spread of various ideas and post systems like democracy, capitalism, industrialisation, colonialism, externalism, and even socialism.The global reach of many of these ideologies and social structures inevitably incited reaction and dissent. Capitalism spawned socialism. Industrialisation gave way to workers movements. Colonialism yielded to Third World political rumblings and international ideologies like global Marxism, Pan-Africanism, and Pan-Arabism (to mention a few). To all this must be added twentieth hundred feminism. Though it may seem an oversimplification, much of twentieth century feminism sought to voice a discourse largely critical of the sexual inequality inherent in capitalism, be it in its national and/or its international forms. From the viewpoint of Marxism, the landed estate is a reflection, if not the instrument, of the power of the dominant economic class (Newman 2004, 141). From a gender perspective, the State largely mirrors the interests of males vis-a-vis females on an single(a)ised basis. The modern State of capitalist society lies at the centre of what feminism sees as the tyrannical, patriarchal system of domination over the bodies and lives of women. This same State figures prominently in the structure of globalisation which has served to propagate Western power systems across the globe. Whether one approaches the role and place of women from an international, global perspective or from an individual State perspective, the question for feminists is for the most part a matter of the imposition of power and the limitation and circumscription of female individual autonomy. With respect to prostitution, particularly its criminalisation, the State

Texas Is the First State To Approve Modified Test Essay

Texas Is the First State To Approve Modified Test - essay ExampleAccording to Zyskowski and OMalley (2009), TAKS vertical scale allows scores to be compared across put levels for a subject. In this manner, it is very much useful for bring in a students progress in performance across years, at the same time, its performance standards (i.e. Met Standard and Commended) can be numerically compared across grade levels (Zyskowski and OMalley, 2009). Texas created the supposed vertical scale per Section 39.036 of Senate Bill 1031, which required TEA to develop a vertical scale for assessing student performance on the TAKS assessments (Zyskowski and OMalley, 2009 TEA, 2009). On the another(prenominal) hand, the Texas projection measure (TPM) is a multi-level regression-based projection model that is applied to TAKS, TAKS (Accommodated), and linguistically accommodated versions of TAKS. Furthermore, it projects student performance separately for each subject in the next high-stakes grade (defined by the Texas legislation as grades 5, 8, and 11) (Zyskowski and OMalley, 2009, p. 25). The figure below illustrates the TPM (taken from Zyskowski and OMalley, 2009, p. 26. According to the stipulations in the Texas Education Agencys Accountability System for 2009 and beyond - Standard Procedures (Commissioner of Education Final Decisions April 2009), the future(a) quotations revealed the determination of the accountability rating for 2009 Standards for 2009 were published in the 2008 Accountability Manual and adopted as commissioner tackle to provide districts and campuses with advance notice before the 2008-09 tame year began.The 2009 Academically delightful standards are 70% for reading/ ELA, writing, and social studies 55% for mathematics and 50% for science. These standards represent increases of five percentage points to the Academically pleasant standards for four of the five subjects (writing, social studies, mathematics, and science.)The 2009 Recognized standa rd of 75%, which applies to all subjects, is unchanged from the prior year. (p. 2) Still according to the Texas Education Agencys Accountability System for 2009 and Beyond - Standard Procedures, the following are quoted statements regarding the changes in accountability rating for 2010 Standards for 2010 will be published in the 2009 Accountability Manual and adopted as commissioner rule before the 2009-10 school year begins.The 2010 Recognized standard will increase by five percentage points to 80% as previously planned.The 2010 Academically Acceptable standards will increase by five percentage points for both mathematics and science to 60% and 55%, respectively.The reading/ELA, writing, and social studies standards will remain

Discuss the argument that the Irish Potato Famine of the mid 19th Essay

Discuss the argument that the Irish Potato Famine of the middle 19th Centurry was an act of Genocide carried out by the British Empire as a means of religous and c - Essay ExampleThis was only in a time period between 1845 and 1852. Although the shortfall was caused by the bacteria phytophthora infestans, it had various social political dimensions. Even though most of the change was done on crops, the damage that was caused on the Irish population ashes to be some of the most memorable events in the Irish muckle. The great paucity still remains a major topic of debate in the life of the people.The scar of the famine remains in the minds of most Irish people more that one century later. It still remains to spark memories of the suffering and agony that the people of Ireland had to go thro ugh in the hands of their masters who were the Britons. It still remains them of the long walk to acquire their current social status and equity to the Britons. But the role that was played by t his great famine in geological formation the identity of the Irish people is still evident even today through the imprint shown by the modern consciousness which equate horror of famine death with other tragedies that continue to occur in the developing world. This is because the nature of the Irish nation dependant on the foreign nations was the sole cause of the devastation since the foreign nation had the power to manipulate the famine and control the nation. This is the same fate that holds the developing nation to the control of the foreign nation. (Bluett, 2004)In this case the Irish people dependant and exploitation by Britain can be directly attributed to the devastating effects of the famine. Their reliance on the British government was the main federal agent that led to their exploitation. There is evident of hidden agenda in the way Britain foreign relief was used to mask the indirect cultural and religious purifying that was being carried out on Irish people at the t ime. The only alternative that the Irish people had was either to live as slave or

Use of social networks for financial and performance reporting Research Paper

Use of social networks for financial and performance reporting - Research Paper ExampleThis research analyses how the financial reporting and organizations performance demand improved for the past few years because of increased use of social networking.Inescapabilty and popularity of the social network has largely created awareness and improved the relationship between the headache and the stakeholders by introducing a new way in which financial information is disseminated and eventually consumed.Companies primarily use the social media to report their performances so that the information shadower reach larger audience who may be interested. Information that was previously released in news releases, conference confabs and presentations are revealed through twitter because of its ability to fleetly and efficiently receive and share information from a trusted source. There are live tweets of companies earning call enabling shareholders who are physically absent during call to rece ive live information. According to Scott (2013), Of Facebooks nearly one billion strong users, approximately 200 million are mobile only.On the other(a) hand, YouTube, and Flickr may be utilized in providing videos regarding earning calls, do presentations thus engaging investors with the business financial reports as well as sharing information such(prenominal) as crucial business transactions that include merger and acquisition. It is worth noting that the social network has the ability to reach even remote communities thus enabling the company to operate in distant and remote places while raising awareness about them. There are many reasons justifying the use of social media in financial reporting and performance.Social medias ability to reach a huge audience makes it the best communication channels for businesses compared to the conventional methods that are inaccessible to some people. According to Scott (2013), Statistical research has revealed that more than 95 per cent ofF acebook users log into their account every day. The same number

Mod 2 - TD Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mod 2 - TD Financial Analysis - Assignment ExampleDuring entry, the client and consultant reach an agreement of their roles in the data collection and the feedback. It includes the insertion of the client and consultant and the decision that they will work until the end. Data collection includes collecting valid information about the client system and understanding the system. by and by this, the feedback stage gives the overall data analysis of the client system and be able to offer a good working relationship (Hackman, 1972).organisational diagnosis and strategy are connected because organizational diagnosis leads to an improved and better merchandising strategy as it becomes a spring board in getting better results. Mediating factors will include core competence such as the skills, technology and resources. The domain of the organization which includes the population it serves and the functions it performs could also be another factor. Organizational diagnosis helps in identif ying how they will be able to communicate to the customers about their strengths, their customers requirements and changes in those requirements. Once the organizational diagnosis is successful, it means that the ways of improving the marketing strategy will be identified and this will lead to a better way of marketing. In todays fast changing world, familiarity sharing and developing customer oriented systems will be able to influence the performance and thus increase the competitive advantage (Hackman,

Bones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

B unmatchables - Essay Example436443).Tendons are flexible fibrous connective tissues connecting muscles and bones. Fundamentally, they serve the movement of people as they act as intermediaries between muscles and bones, and are vulnerable to tearing caused by prolonged or repetitive movement of muscles, lush muscle contraction or overstretching (Benjamin et al., 2006). They are located in areas that are characterised by bone intersection such as knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, and feet. Ligaments are connecting tissues that attach one bone to another or muscles to other structures in the body.Even though both ligaments and tendons basis withstand tension, ligaments connect bones to other bones and foster in stabilizing the joints around them. They are by long and stringy collagen fibres that create bands of tough fibrous connective tissues mostly found where ends of bones intersect. They can be stretched and lengthened with caution to avoid sprains resulting from direct or in direct trauma that pre-disposition a joint (Benjamin et al., 2006). It may be easy to confuse tendons, ligaments and bursae, nevertheless these three structures represent adipose and connective tissues. Therefore, it is important to note that bursae act as an adipose tissue that protects the connective tissues whose differences have been highlighted.Benjamin, M, Toumi, H.,Ralphs, J.,Bydder,G., Best, T., and Milz, S. (2006), Where tendons and ligaments meet bone addendum sites (entheses) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load. Journal of Anatomy, 208(4) 471490. doi10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00540.xShaw, M,. Santer, M., Watson, A., and Benjamin, M. (2007). Adipose tissue at entheses the innervation and cell composition of the retromalleolar fat eke out associated with the rat Achilles tendon.Journal of Anatomy. 211(4) 436443.

DQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DQ - Essay ExampleThe omnibus must then supervise them closely and let them cognise that they are under constant observation in order for them to be productive. The research undertaken shows this to be false. Managers spend much of their time not only enjoin their subordinates but interacting likewise with peers, superiors, and people outside the organization. It highlights the role of planner, which is often relegated by common notion to the background.Secondly, it is generally taken for granted that a managers work is easy and light considering they do not do the hands-on job their subordinates do. They stay in the office at their desks and just wait for results. However, as the teaching shows, a managers job is rarely an idle one. Managers are constantly bombarded with problems, requests, and contingencies to address, often and requiring quick decision-making. Sometimes the elevated position the manager has over a single unit tasked with a single function lends one to believe that he is an expert in his field and thus his tasks is specialized. The study proves the contrary, however, that the typical manage is a generalist, called to address issues and demands of varied and fragmented nature, requiring multifaceted skills technical, financial, and human relations included.The manager is often seen as a navigator of sorts whose question task is to plan the details of his unit. It is often thought that the more carefully the plans are prepared and forward-looking activities such as training are undertaken, the slight time and effort he spends doing repair management. That just is not so, according to the research. Much of the managers activities are described by the study as reactive rather than proactive in nature, pertaining more to adjustments, adaptations, and damage control. This causes

High School Cliques Essay Example for Free

broad(prenominal) School Cliques EssayThe school environment causes ingrained polarisation of peoples with similar backgrounds, attitudes, or any other factors that would form certain peer aggroups, or cliques. This is particularly observable in the High School setting, as the prevailing affectionate groups argon composed of adolescents who argon beginning their socialization process. This socialization forms various groupings or factions that are highly noticeable in High School.The modernistic media, who continually builds on and establish the perceived cliques and groups in movies, shows, and other media venues, is repeatedly echoing the reality. This has created stereotypes of High School cliques, such as (1) the popular group, (2) athletes, (3) nerds, (4) racial segregation, (5) pop-culture groups uniform rockers and hip-hop, (6) knocked out(p)casts, and (7) other groups. The converging elements of a particular faction can be varied and numerous. These cliques can b e disciples who eat together, or hang out with each other after class.Racial profile can also be a strong factor, as with the social class and background. Even personal preference and culture can bring together different kinds of peoples. High school youth converge because of the reason that they find something in common with the group that they are with. The first clique in High School is the popular student. Usually they are the student leaders or even cheerleaders and well-known members of the student body. They can be socially advantaged as they are driving newer cars or organizing fancier parties.They can be part of the group on the merit that they are simply popular in the batch. These students are usually the first ones remembered and recalled in reunions or gatherings. They are seen as role models, or at the other extreme, a source of jealousy and hatred. The second group, the athletes, can overlap with this first group, because basketball and football players can be highly popular in High School. another(prenominal) High School clique are the nerds, who are the most participative in class or gets the highest grades in any subject.They would congregate in the canteen and transposed about math or politics or any other academic topic. They are stereotyped as being shy and wearing walloping glasses, and are very grade conscious and studious. Apart from this group, other cliques can be divided according to culture lines, like rockers or hip-hops. They are usually secluded and non-conventionalists, and would gather on their own parties and gatherings. Another notable group are outcasts, who are usually the but of jokes, and would have severe horny and psychological problems.Some would also note that racial background would be a strong determinant in formation of cliques. Asians or African Americans or Caucasians would most likely hang-out with each other, which does not imply discrimination, but merely cultural identification. They also form different a nd very distinguishable cliques in High School. High School is the stage of life wherein social interaction is at its most dynamic, as young adolescents are placed in a social environment outside their homes, and forced to polarize into different groups.Although these High School cliques can be regarded as mere stereotypes that may not always necessary be apparent in a social context, there is a ring of truth in the observations. Since the school is a hodgepodge of different backgrounds and cultures, it is natural for the youth to find people they are familiar and comfortable with. This reality, coupled with media hype, reinforces the perception that different High School cliques do exist.

United States public debt Essay Example for Free

United States public debt EssayThe United States shortage, trim, and debt lead always defecate an impact on taxpayers. In the state of high deficit the brass seeks ways to cut and save money for debt payment. The government does this by pulling funding from programs that have little government impact. Increasing taxes also supplies the government with extra income. In addition to the reduction or elimination of certain tax credits, the government analyzes school funding for hail effectiveness. Each step the government takes has a trickling effect on taxpayers dollar. The Effects of U.S. Deficit, Surplus, and Debt When a surplus exists, the government has extra funds to spare and impress into the economy. This surplus allow increase government programs. When the government has a surplus it focuses on its needs by order of necessity, similar to the way individuals do when they have extra money. This canful lead to new tax credits for taxpayers. However, when the nation is in debt the taxpayers are also in debt. The government uses tax money to pay their operations. If debt increases taxes go up, if debt decreases taxes visit for most.Effects on Future Social Securities and Medicare Taxpayers are affected by the U. S. deficit when there is a shortfall in revenue, which is the pull up stakes of the National Debt change magnitude. Surpluses also have an effect on taxpayers as hygienic. Programs like Social protective cover and Medicare aim government funding from tax money. Social shelter takes contributions do by citizens to accumulate a surplus, which it uses to buy government bonds, which are government debt. These bonds accumulate and eventually mature.The money from the mature bonds helps to pay retirees. As American citizens contribute money into Social Security, the bond purchases mean that the government owes the Social Security program the value of the bonds purchases (Colander, 2010). The debt reported by the government for this purc hase, however, is for on-budget accounts, while the U. S. reports corporate accounts which include on-budget accounts but also adds off-budgets accounts as well. Like Social Security, Medicare relies on contributions made by citizens.However, Medicare makes use of third party payer markets, which helps people receive assistants who may be different from those who provide the services. Third party payer systems take contributions to help defray the cost or expense of providing the service while a portion of the services, such as Medicare, are paid by the consumer through the use of a co-payment system. The expenses incurred by instituting a program, such as Social Security, means that the costs of using this program are set against any revenues made for that same year.The cost of running Medicare and Social Security will rise as to a greater extent Americans reach retirement This will require more benefits be paid out than revenues are coming in, thus increasing the expenses and in creasing the deficit (Blahous, 2011). The Social Security Administration figures that by the year 2040 the SS trust fund will be used up causing usage of one of three options borrowing, increasing revenue, or lowering benefits. The Medicare program is estimated to be much closer to crisis than the SS trust fund.In contrast to current Medicare and Social Security benefits budget of 35 percent, an increase to 60-65% may be undeniable as early as 2030 (Colander, 2010). Current legislative discussions by political parties recognize the dominance impact on future economic growth that this increasing deficit may have and are seeking ways to address as well as reform programs such as Medicare and Social Security. Unemployment and the Deficit Just as Social Security and Medicare are affected by the United States deficit and surplus, so is the unemployment rate.Increasing unemployment rates increase the deficit thus naturally reducing the deficit decreases unemployment rates as well. Acco rding to Ginsburg and Ayres (n. d. ), The President and Congress demonstrate to outdo one another on who can cut the Federal budget deficit the most. But efforts to reduce the deficit at the expense of necessary social programs are unnecessary and counter-productive. In fact, much of the recent reduction in the deficit is due to the decline in unemployment (p. 1).With record high deficits at heart the last years the idea of the government spending to spur the economy that ultimately would help reduce the unemployment level seems near impossible without further affecting the deficit rather than helping reduce it. University of Phoenix Students When students default on their loans, it adds to the national debt. The main problem lies in the fact that newly graduated students cant find jobs that pay enough to reduce their debt Tarah Toney worked two full-time jobs to put herself through college, at McMurry University in Abilene, Texas, and still has $75,000 in debt.She graduated in s ix years with a Bachelors in English and wanted to go on to teach high school (Jaffe, 2011). Yet the government still requires the students to make on time payments. A surplus allows the government to use more money for grants and loans. The extra money from the budget goes into programs like the Pell grant. This enables more students to borrow or receive money to attend college. A deficit of funds affects students the same way student debt affects the government. To combat debt, cuts to government funding will take place.When the government cuts education funding, programs that fund grants lose money. The United States International Financial Reputation In addition to domestic ramifications regarding the United States deficit, surplus, and debt, international stand can waver due to a weak economy. These topics play an immense part in formulating this nations global standing. Maintaining its news report as a world superpower is arduous during economic crisis. The deficit consists of the dissimilarly in governments income and its disbursement. Other countries closely watch the deficit/surplus gap.America reputation rest whether it is positive or negative on the amount of the deficit. When the nation spending exceeds the amount it receives, Americas economy seems to be at risk. A surplus in funds strikes a balance to the United States receiving more money than it spends. Hall (2012) states, surpluses and deficits result from policy choices about government spending and taxes (para. 6). If a surplus transpire because of the government not administering funds toward the policies that can help the United States run more efficiently, this can shed a negative dismay on its globes personal image.A Domestic Automotive Manufacturing (Exporter) As an exporter of domestic automobiles, the nations deficit, surplus, and debt can impose the prospering or nonsuccess of exporting. An economic strain on funds seeps down and effects American businesses. America prospers from its export and import business. Exporters in the automotive manufacturing lament when the nations deficit/debt is high. When America economy is failing, it experiences a lofty volume of automotive imports. American automotive manufacturers languish during economic decline.The automobile industry as a whole continues to be depressed as a result of the global economic depression (Thompson Merchant, 2010, p. 12). Despite Americas economic problems Japanese manufacturers come forth to thrive. Thompson and Merchant (2010) state, foreign automakers Toyota and Honda continued to achieve record high revenue levels through 2008 as they increased their market share in the United States (pg. 12). During a surplus, automotive exports escalate for American manufacturers. A surplus in funds results in the nations ability to pay its impounding debt.Lowering debt equals lower interest rates. A surplus makes it easier for manufacturers to safeguard loans to export automotive parts. U. S. Deficit E ffect on International Import The economies deficits, surpluses, and debt have an influence on twain an Italian clothing design importer and GDP. For example, America can import clothing from an Italian clothing company. If the country has a financial deficit, they must reduce significance and focus on local product. This hurts international trade. A government surplus allows the country to purchase an increased amount of foreign goods.Surpluses, deficits, and debts also affect the nations GDP. As imports increase and deficits and debts increase, the GPD in the nation will decrease as less domestic goods are being sold in the country. When exports increase and a surplus occurs than GDP will increase as well as when there are more domestic products being sold in and out of the nation. raw domestic product is the amount of products made in the country and sold. These can be both domestic products made and sold here along with exports made and sold elsewhere.

Child Protective Services Essay Example for Free

Child Protective Services EssayIce users in the state of Hawaii, estimated to have reached 30,000 in 2003, were spending as much as $1. 8 billion every year to maintain their addiction in what has been referred to by U. S Attorney Ed Kubo as the highest exercise of ice in the country. (Sinq, 2003) Ice refers to methamphetamine, a strong, extremely addictive stimulant which could be introduced to the body by smoking, sniffing, oral ingestion, or injection and affects the nervous system. (Drug-Rehabs. org, n. d. )The contentedness was believed to have been discovered in Japan or sotime in 1919 and was actually used as a nasal decongestant in 1932. It was manu detailured legally as non-medical tablets in the United States, taking the form of dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and methamphetamine (Methedrine). It rapidly became a favorite among athletes, university students, and even long distance truck drivers people who need to point alert for long periods of time. An injectable form was developed during the 1960s but was subjected to severe restriction under the Controlled Substance Act of 1970.(Drug-Rehabs. org. n. d. ) Today, Prosecutor nib Carlisle of capital of Hawaii said that adult people in Hawaii have been turning to ice instead of alcohol in fact the highest number of adult ice-users (by state) in the entire country is found in the state of Hawaii. In Honolulu, it was estimated that about 38% of all those arrested for various offenses have been found positive for methamphetamine. Moreover, while the fair(a) rate of sentenced methamphetamine traffickers for the entire country in 2001 was placed at 14%, the rate for Hawaii had been 51%.(A Message from Honolulu Prosecutor Peter Carlisle, 2007) This only means one thing ice trafficking in Hawaii has grown to be a very flourishing industry, which, to some people, indicates that ice villainy has already reached pestiferous proportions in the state. As a matter of fact, recorded deaths attributed t o methamphetamine use have also been steadily on the rise since 2000 when 34 persons were believed to have died from using the substance. In 2001, the number rose to 54 then climbed to 62 in 2002 before decreasing slightly to 56 deaths during the year 2003.In 2004, ice-related deaths rose again to 68 and as of the middle of May 2005, there were already 38 ice-related deaths in the state of Hawaii. According to Dr. Kanthi De Alwis, Chief Medical examiner of Honolulu, majority of deaths from ice were due to the substances effect on the human brain and heart. He said that ice weakens and enlarges the heart, and blocks the coronary arteries. In some of the cases, Alwis said, blood enters the brain, killing the ice user almost instantly. (Drug-Rehabs. org, 2005)User death did not prove to be the only adverse effect of the ice epidemic on Hawaiian society. A much more damaging consequence had been its effect on children. In fact it was observed that although abuse of alcohol and ineligi ble drugs also resulted to fractured families, ice addiction had proven to be more powerful and destructive, consuming parents lives so quickly that experts placed it in a class of its own. (Dayton, 2003b) As of 2003, almost 85% of the 7,000 children who were under foster care were children of ice users.Most of these children were traumatized. They also showed signs of being angry and were often destructive in their ways, aside from the fact that most of them lagged in their school work. Many of them have expressed their belief that their parents abandoned them either because something was very wrong with them, or their parents simply stopped loving them. If left unattended, experts feared that these children might end up as substance abusers themselves.At the very least, they are expected to suffer from the long-term effects of living with eternal violence and chaos in the family. This is what some health professionals are trying to prevent, according to Jack Maynor who works as a child counselor in a spouse-abuse shelter. (Dayton, 2003a) In many cases, children were separated from their parents because of the parents addiction to ice. Families where either or both parents are ice addicts are characterized by violence, child abandonment, or both.Peggy Hilton of the easterly Hawaii Child Welfare Services said that there are people who become totally addicted to methamphetamine in only a matter of a couple of weeks. She explained that ice is characterized by extreme levels of domestic violence and that after a binge, ice users crash and can sleep for days, loss the children in the house to fend for themselves. According to officials of the Child Protective Services, they are separating up to forty children from their parents every month due to ice addiction in the Big Island alone. (Dayton, 2003b)The effect of parents addiction to ice among Hawaiian children has been very extensive. Professionals working with children of methamphetamine abusers often talk about the depressing experiences of these children. James Jolliff, a clinical psychologist from Waimea, recalled working with a girl who found her ice addict father hanging from a tree in their backyard in an attempt to kill himself. He said that while her father was rescued from that suicide attempt, the girl was traumatized and would remain to be so for a long time to come. (Dayton, 2003a)

The Core ideas of change management

The Core ideas of qualifying manage manpowertIt is in the nature of bulk to be afraid of transmute. In our everyday life we normally establish routines and get going comfortable with the instruction things just happen. The idea of potential alter of the patterns of air makes us feel uncomfortable, brings uncertainty and risk in the everyday life. As social entities, corporations be no divergent. Daily lap up schedules and serve up organisation become cleave of the corporate identity and gradually slow down the speed demanded to remain competitive and be a winner. harmonise to Tabrizi (2007), To stay competitive, a merrimenter must be dynamic in the marketplace, constantly revising its own strategy in response to the strategies of its opponents, as well as reorient itself with the changing demands of its customers. The judicatures that brush off most quickly respond to the marketplace, particularly those that adapt faster than their competitors, ar the ones that ma ke it to the top.Key conceptsIn general, reviewing the initial reasons for revision, it can be re promptive, when organizations respond to international factors, and proactive, when companies initiate the process of alter themselves. However, no matter what the initial reasons were, once the process has started, we can be sure that assortment in one part of the caller-out invariably volition affect people and processes in all other parts. Moreover, a thorough salmagundi can influence, or be influenced by the organizational mission and strategy, structure, products and processes, its employees and culture, technology and know-how employed. channelise can be provoked by away or internal factors, or a combination of both. External factors may be stirs in demand of consumers, threatening actions of competitors and suppliers, newcomers in the business, MAs, changes in the legal and governmental environment, new technologies, changes on the labor market, and so forthtera The internal factors can be found at bottom the company itself and may result from redefined mission and strategy, gather up for study changes in the culture and focussing style, need for improvement of quality and efficiency, etc.There are lots of algorithms and prescriptions about how exactly shall changes be implemented. In frame to get deeper recognizeing of the contemporary methods, prototypic we will examine the basic change worry theories and barbeles.Theoretical foundationsThe three main theoretical schools are differentiated by the addressed levels of change individual, stem or organizational level. These are The private Perspective instruct, The Group Dynamics School and The Open Systems School (Burnes, 2009).Individual Perspective schoolAccording to Burnes (2009), the Individual Perspective School is divided into two main movements Behaviorists and Gestalt-Field theorists. Both of them address organizational changes on individual level. The main idea of the Beha viorists is that peoples reactions are closely interconnected with their interaction with the environment. One of the first Behaviorists, Pavlov, stated that all behavior is learned and all individuals actions are led by the expected results. Through his well cognize experiment with the dog that associated the sound of the bell with food, Pavlov proved that one can easily manage peoples doings through external stimuli and reward.The other movement, the Gestalt-Field theorists, argues that human actions could non be product only of the surrounding environment, hardly from the interpretation of this environment through changing the understanding of the situation and modifying the external stimuli.Group Dynamics SchoolAccording to Cummings and Worley (2009), The Group Dynamics School emphasizes on the implementation of organizational change on a group level. Its founder Kurt Lewin argued that the individual will respond to the groups interactions and pressure and will adapt to its culture and demeanor, accepting its values, norms and roles.Open Systems schoolThe main focus of the Open Systems School is the organisation as a whole, composed of a number of interconnected sub-systems (Burnes, 2009). The different parts and subsystems are interacting with each other and with the environment. Mullins (2008) writes that most pregnant is to achieve an overall synergy within the organization, rather than optimizing the performance of any one individual part.Approaches to changeThe three basic progressiones to change management are the be after set out, the Emergent approach and the contingency approach (Burnes, 2009).Contingency approachThe basic principle of the Contingency approach is that there is no one best way to change. channelise has to be employ in line with the environment and the organisation has to adapt to it. The contingency approach examines the effectiveness of different exemplifications, techniques and methods of change management and advise s to choose according to the situation.Planned approachThe basic idea of the plan approach is that organizations shall first draw areas where changes are required and initiate a process of its implementation (Burnes, 2009). It was launched in the 40s in the work of Kurt Lewin, who developed the most popular models of planned change Action Research and Three-Phase Model. The approach has been widely used since the 80s. The Action research model is based on the statement that change requires action, and action is based on analysing the situation correctly. The Three step model is based on three phases of implementation unfreezing moving refreezing.The Planned approach represents a to a greater extent general prescription about how change should happen in a ball much more ideal than the world we know today. As the contemporary situation is changing rapidly, the chance that the environment has changed again during the implementation of your change plan and has made it useless, is extremely high. That is why, I sell the Emergent Approach much more effective and useful.Emergent approachThe Emergent approach is focused on the assumption that change is a continuous. According to Dawson (2002), organizational change is a persistent, open-ended process of adaptation to changing environment. It emerges in an unpredictable and unplanned fashion. Maybe the most distinctive feature of the approach is the bottom-up approach of control, i.e. that the employees are most closely involved with the process with the change process (Dawson, 2002). The approach requires a major change in the traditionalistic role of the managers. Unlike the planned approach, here, the role of the manager is not to initiate and control the process, but rather to assist and facilitate it. In battle array to take up the main models of implementation, Burnes (2009) has chosen the three most practical models of emergent change Kanters Ten Commandments for Executing Change, Kotters Eight-Stage P rocess for Successful Organisational Transformation and the Seven Steps model of Luecke.In order to illustrate the overall impact that emergent change has on organizations, I reach chosen the case of Ken Freeman, who made Corning clinical Labs from a business in shambles to the indus campaign leader in the size (Appendix I). courting STUDY Ken Freeman, Corning clinical labs, Appendix IChange and the ManagerExternal and internal Approaches to ChangeAs we have already outlined in the precedent part of the work, change can be planned or unplanned (emergent). Planned change is sought when the organisation deliberately attempts to make internal changes to meet specified goals or to pursue a localise of strategies (French et al, 2008). However, not all change in organisations happens as a result of intended direction. Unplanned change is provoked by some external triggers such(prenominal) as market forces, economic crises, economic opportunities or social changes. Unplanned change occ urs spontaneously and without the organisations provocation. The appropriate goal in managing unplanned change is to act immediately once the change is recognized, to minimize any negative consequences and maximize any possible benefits. (French et al, 2008)However, no matter whether the changes were planned or unplanned, in order to implement a victoryful and thorough change management plan, there shall be sufficient dissatisfaction with the existing situation, absolute attraction to moving towards a more desirable position, desire to formulate a strategy that will literalize the vision (French et al, 2008).Change may be triggered by internal or external forcesExternal forces may be changes in the demand for the organizations products as a result of changing consumer preferences, action by competitors, government etc., threatening tactics of competitors by aggressively cutting prices, newcomer in the market, political or legal changes, changes in the terms of trade (tariffs, exc hange rates), lack of skilled employees, etc. (Martin, 2005)Internal forces should theoretically, be more put down and predictable. For example changes in strategy as a result of revised mission or goals, need for heathen changes, changes in the management style, need for improvement in quality, efficiency, standards, need to cut costs (Martin, 2005).However, according to Mabey and Salaman (1995), irrespective of the initial reasons for the change, change is characterized by two important dimensions firstly, the dental plate of change (from fine tuning through to corporate transformation) and secondly the style of change (collaborative through to coercive).Selected models of ChangeOrganizations typically respond to the challenges of the above described external and internal triggers with the help of various programs, each designed to overcome obstaclesand enhance business performance. According to Luecke (2003), these programs fall into one of the pastime four categoriesCultural changeCultural changes focus on the human side of the organization. It handles with the general approach of doing business and the relationship between the management and the employees. A typical example for cultural change is changes in the mission and vision of the company and the organizational development.In order to illustrate the overall impact on the company that cultural changes may produce, I have chosen the example with ATT and NCR.Case study ATT and NCR (Apendix II)Structural changeStructural changes address the structure of the organisation and the design of jobs and working arrangements as the key levers of change. According to Mabey and Salamn (1995), structural changes are triggered by an organisations inability to fully realize the strategy it is following due to administrative deficiencies caused by a mismatch between the new strategy and the existing structure (Mabey Salaman, 1995). Luecke argues that these programs treat the organization as a set of functional parts-the machine model. Through mergers and acquisitions, between companies, reengineering of units, reconfiguring of divisions, managers try to improve the overall performance and results.A classic example of redesigning the whole management structure in order to complement the strengths of the top people, is provided by Google (Appendix III).CASE STUDY GOOGLE, Appendix IIICost cuttingThe third program for change is cost cutting. Its core idea is to eliminate non-essential and non-profitable activities. This can be make through reengineering of the structure, decrease of the personnel, foc apply on the production of profitable items, etc.Process changeProcess change aims at fashioning processes faster, more effective, more reliable, less costly. These programs focus on altering how thingsget done (Luecke, 2003). Examples include reengineering a loan approval process, approaches to handling customer warranty claims, production processes, etc.Attitudes to Change3.1. Reactions to c hangeIn general, there are different reactions to the proposed change process and according to them people are split into three main different groups hold outers, apathetic and resistors. According to French et al (2008), change initiatives are typically met by some resistivity. Resistance to change is any attitude or behaviour that reflects a persons unwillingness to make or support a desired change. The reasons for this reaction are manifold people are afraid of the unknown, many of them dont understand the need for change, or some may even think that the proposed change goes against the values held by members in the organisation. These reactions outline the need to consider as well changes in the culture of the organisation, including changes in members values and beliefs.French et al (2008) outline also another perspective of resistance to change in their work, namely to see resistance as feedback that can be used by the change agent to help accomplish his objectives. The e ssence of this notion is to recognise that when people resist change they are defending something important that appears to be threatened by the change attempt (French et al, 2008).There is no universal recipe on how could resistance to change be overcome, however, considering the limitations of this paper, one example method illustrated also by a brief case study will be presented in the third part of this paper, The People Problem, which shall give the essence that could be followed.Gender and Change ManagementPreece, Steven Steven (1999) describe several studies that have concluded that women are more likely than men to display characteristics which would make them good team players. The authors cite a survey conducted in the company Bass, designed specifically to examine gender-related issues in public provide management. According to the survey, women appeared to focus on teamworking 82 % of them answered that they find it beneficial due to issues such as the mutual develop ment of ideas, helping each other and chore solving. In the same time, only 65% of the men stated to have positive attitude against team work. These results evidence that women are in general recrudesce teamplayers than men and consequently may experience a greater impact in the changeover of the company they are employed with.Case study ATT and NCR (Apendix III)What aspects of the external change environment did Jerre status and hisadvisers choose to focus on? Could they have defined the external environmentin a different way, perhaps using scenario planning techniquesdiscussed above, which would have allowed them to constructother, more realistic scenarios? By way of illustration, had they been lessUS- and head office-centric, could they have created a more accuratepicture of the organization and its problems, one that would haveallowed them to see the potential for the problems they would create inScotland, their key subsidiary location? The central dapple of this messageis that managers are active agents, not solely passive recipients ofabstract and external market forces. Good managers understand howto enact their environment in order to control it through more intuitiveand inventive interpretations, re-definitions and action (Weick, 2001).Weick argues that managers are often better advised to act their wayinto thinking, by taking smaller, incremental steps and learning fromthem, rather than think their way into acting through top-down,transformational planning strategies such as those depicted in theATT case. The dangers of a top-down, planning-then-actionapproach are twofold. The first danger is that by making gravid changesthere is little chance for learning to occur because you dont reallyknow which of the many components of the change had the mosteffect. The second danger, and more likely consequence, is that byconstructing a plan that is complex you are likely to fall into the trapof paralysis by analysis.The key point is that culture, once u nderstood,is treated as a super manageable feature of organizations. Thisseemed to be the perspective of Jerre Stead, the CEO of ATT (GIS) inthe case study. Such unitary assumptions and analysis may have a degreeof severity in certain contexts, but in others they are likely to be misplacedand misleading. Ask yourself the questions in the ATT case (1) Howrealistic were the assumptions made by Stead regarding the potential tocreate a unified culture in the company? (2) Were leadinghip and communionsall that was necessary to overcome barriers to change?Perhaps he could have interpreted a different view, distinguishing between- the corporate culture, which is essentially what managers wantthe organization to be like, similar to the concept of corporateidentity in Chapter 6 and more amenable to control andChapter 9 Managing organizational change 385- the organizational culture and subcultures, which are more akinto the notions of organizational identity in Chapter 6, andwhich are les s amenable to control, for a variety of reasons.Bearing in psyche the preceding health warnings, and the concernsexpressed about the concept of unitary cultures, managers need to havea set of sophisticated techniques to identify and manage their organizationalcultures. For example, in the ATT case, Jerre Stead and his colleaguesmight have benefited from constructing alternative scenarios ofwhat the organization might have looked like. More importantly, theywould clearly have benefited from an understanding of the nature of thedifferent subcultures in the various subsidiaries of ATT (GIS).The People ProblemThe real change comes from the people. Individuals are those who create, implement and support change processes. Unless people are involved, committed and prepared to adapt and learn, objectives, plans and future desired states will be likely to founder on the rocks of resistance (Rosenfeld Wilson, 1999).every transformation of significance will create people issues. And the more significant the transformation and the impact on the people, the greater is the need for full involvement (Burnes, 2009). A successful implementation of turn-around organisational transformation requires not only good planning, but also understanding of the human part. Discipline is a key factor for success however, it demands strict data collection and analysis, planning, and implementation discipline as a redesign of strategy, systems, or processes.The main goal of this work is concerned with the role people play in managing strategic change how they do it.Role of the managementTypically, the people at the top of any organisation are seen by others employess, stakeholders and outside observers as intimately associated with strategic change, whenever such occurs. Therefore, the overall role of management in the process of change is highly significant (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008).1.1. Change Management at the sneakAccording to Mullins (2008), the successful management o f change is a key factor of organisational performance and effectiveness and should emanate from the top of the organisation. The people at the top of the company are responsible for the strategy and philosophy, the culture, for creating and sustaining a healthy climate and establishing and directing appropriate organisational processes. The successful implementation of change demands positive action from top management and a style of transformational leadership in order to gain a commitment to change (Mullins, 2008).Extremely important management features and capabilities are effective communication skills, ability for recognizing and releasing the potential of everyone involved with the change, setting a good personal example, self-pacing to avoid unnecessary stress.1.2. Managers and leadersHowever, top managers may be the initiators but are not always the real leaders of the change process. Luecke (2003) argues that leaders create an appealing vision of the future and then develo p a formal strategy for making it a reality. They also motivate people to pursue the vision, even in the face of obstacles. Managers, on the other hand, have the job of making complex tasks run smoothly. Managers are those who elaborate and implement process details, assure resources and direct the process.John Kotter has described the relationship of leadership andmanagement in a unbiased two-by-two matrix, shown below (Luecke, 2003)The main idea of the matrix is that long-term transformation process requires involvement both from leaders and managers and that transformation goes nowhere when both leadership and management are found wanting (Luecke, 2003).1.3. Middle managersMiddle managers are the implementers of strategy. Their role is to put into realization the direction established by top management by making sure that resources are allocated and controlled appropriately, monitoring performance and behaviour of staff and, where necessary, explaining the strategy to those rep orting to them (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008)Role of EmployeesAccording to Brill and Worth (1997), in order to make the change effort work, we must learn how to capitalize on positive human qualities, such as trust, idealism, and dedication, and mitigate the impact of those other indwelling human traits (suspicion, stubbornness, anxiety) that often undermine the change process.The role of employees is most obvious in cases where the chosen approach to change is bottom-up, not top-down. Strictly speaking, bottom-up change can not only be implemented from the lower levels of the hierarchy, but also initiated from the employees. However, Burnes (2009) argues that there is little point in encouraging staff to identify change opportunities unless they are also encouraged to implement them. The need for using the bottom-up approach is evident when taking the emergent approach to change. Having in mind the rapid pace of environmental changes, they need to be dealt with speedily and be treated locally, in order to achieve optimal and timely success.Role of StakeholdersIn the process of change stakeholders are not actively participating, however, gaining their support is extremely important. In a turnaround situation it is crucial that key stakeholders, like the major financing bank, trade unions and some key clients are kept clearly informed of the situation and the following improvements as they are being made. Moreover, a clear assessment of the power of different stakeholder groups may become vitally important, especially when implementing major transformations (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). The support of powerful stakeholder groups can help to build a strong fundament, especially in cases where the change agent does not have a strong personal power base from which to work.Dealing with Difficult People correspondence the roles of the participants in the process and showing them the right direction to the desired change is the a major part of the tr ansformation. However, as already outlined in the previous part of this work, change imposed by others feels threatening rather than exciting and the lack of choice makes people feel powerless and leads to stress and defensive behaviour (Mabey Salamen, 1995). That is why, the earlier in the process the resistance agents are found, the better the whole process can be managed. French et al (2008) have outlined the following general approaches for dealing with difficult peopleEducation and communication discussions, presentations, demonstrationsParticipation and involvement allow others to help design and implement changes, contribute ideasFacilitation and support providing mad support, actively listening to problems, trainingNegotiation and agreement offering incentives, working out trade-offs, special benefitsManipulation and cooptation influence others, selective information, buying off leadersExplicit or implicit coercion using force, threatening (French et al, 2008).Resist ance to change as resource of new ideasResisters to change are problematic and typically, when something goes wrong, they are the first that are blamed for the disaster. However, this is not only pointless, but leads also to destructive management behaviours mangers may become defensive, uncommunicative, competitive (Ford Ford, 2009). Strong leaders can hear and learn from their critics and understand that even difficult people can provide valuable input when treated with respect and let to communicate their point of view. An example of such situation is presented in Appendix IV a brief case study about Alison, IT executive, aiming to implement a major change in the computer system of the hospital she was employed with.CASE STUDY Alison, Appendix IVLinking strategic and Operational ChangeIn the previous chapters of this work, I have examined the theoretical grounds, the major approaches to change, the roles of the different participants in the change process. However, no matter h ow good the plan for change may be, the most critical part, i.e. the chokepoint remains the implementation of the transformation. According to Luecke (2003), 70 percent of change initiatives fail to meet their objectives. Kotter has also written that If you were to grade them using the old fashioned A,B,C,D, and F, Id be surprised if an impartial jury would give 10% of these efforts an A. But Im not saying that 90% deserve a D either.What is tragic is that there are so many C-pluses. Its one thing to get a C-plus on a paper its another when millions of dollars or thousands of jobs are at stake (Luecke, 2003).Implementing Strategic changeBurnes (2009) argues that the implementation of change is a two-way process of ensuring that strategic decisions lead to operational changes and on the other hand, operational changes influence strategic decisions. The process of implementation may follow the models either of Planned or Emergent approaches. Although that by many, including Burnes (2 009), there are no universal rules for leading change, supporters of panned and emergent approach propose sequence of actions to be adopted, which could facilitate and give a structure to the implementation of the strategic changes.Pettigrew Whipp (Burnes, 2009) propose a simplified model of actions to be taken in order to structure the change processKanter and Kotter (Burnes, 2009) also propose some ideas for implementation of change.However, I consider that Luecke has given the most practical recipe for action. His model consists of seven stepsStep 1. Mobilize Energy and Commitment through Joint Identification of Business Problems and Their SolutionsStep 2. Develop a shared out Vision of How to Organize and Manage for CompetitivenessStep 3. Identify the LeadershipStep 4. Focus on Results, Not on ActivitiesStep 5. Start Change at the Periphery, Then Let It Spread to Other Units without Pushing It from the TopStep 6. Institutionalize Success through Formal Policies, Systems, and S tructuresStep 7. Monitor and decline Strategies in Response to Problems in the Change Process (Luecke, 2003).For me, this approach is very close to the practice, as it is very much result-oriented and in reality results are the real measures of success, not plans and theories. In order to illustrate this consideration, please refer to Appendix V, a case study about Xerox.CASE STUDY XEROX, APPENDIX VThe role of the Change agentIn the process of change there are always factors limiting the implementation of the changes in the operational level. According to Mabey and Salaman, (1995) an important factor for successful implementation of strategy into operational level is the formal and informal presence of a change agent. According to Rosenfeld and Wilson (1999), change agents are the individuals or groups of individuals whose task is to effect the desired change. They can be both internal and external to the organisation. The agent acts as intermediary and his responsibilities may ran ge from complete quislingism with staff to acting as absolute authority and expert. Internal change agents are mostly experts in the field, to who people trust. External agents may have political credibility and support, however, often lack the detailed acquaintance of the company (Rosenfeld Wilson, 1999).Considering the complexities involved with change, the range of abilities and expertise of the change agent could be significant. Vital to the success of the change agent is also the support from the senior management of the company.Change agents see the need for change and articulate it effectively to others. They are critical catalysts for a change initiative and should be placed in key positions (Luecke, 2003). Here are some of the most important implications of change agentsarticulate the need for changeare accepted by others as trustworthy and competentsee and diagnose problems from the perspective of their audiencemotivate people to changework through others in translating intent into actionstabilize the adoption of innovation andfoster self-renewing behavior in others so that they can go out of business as change agents (Luecke, 2003).People suitable for this job can be professional change agents like those working in the HR consultancy companies, or people from the business. They can also be produced like GM did in the past. Luecke (2003) describes the case General Motors attempted something very similar in its joint venture with Toyota the NUMMI small car host plant in California. That plant was run according to Toyotas world-beating production methods, and GM rotated manufacturing managers through the plant to learn Toyotas methods and, hopefully, bring a working knowledge of those methods back to Detroit.Reflecting on Change in Different Contexts